Once you have chosen a research topic, you will need to narrow it down into a research statement or question. The sooner you do this in your research process, the more time you'll save because you can conduct more focused searches. Here are some common ways you can narrow down a research topic:

By demographic characteristics

• Narrow it down by age group, occupation, ethnic group, gender, etc.
• e.g. challenges faced by international college graduates entering the workforce

By relevant issues

• Try to identify key issues related to your topic, especially ones that you have an opinion on. You can turn your opinion into your thesis statement or research question.
• e.g. challenges faced by college graduates who are unable to find meaningful or relevant work

By location

• Focus on a specific country, province, city, or type of environment (rural vs. urban).
• e.g. challenges faced by college graduates entering the workforce in rural Ontario

By Timeframe

• Decide whether you want to study recent events or a historical time period. This will also help you decide how current the information you use must be.
• e.g. challenges faced by college graduates entering the workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic

By causes

• You can take the perspective of looking for causes of an issue you are researching.
• e.g. Why do employers hire fewer college graduates?

When developing a research question, think about: Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How. The more of these you incorporate, the more specific your research question will be.